War in the Pacific
Japanese Leadership:
Japanese Emperor: Hirohito
Japanese Prime Minister: Hideki Tojo
Naval Commander: Yamamoto ------- Pearl Harbor Mastermind
Japanese Empire Grows:
Japan Invades Manchuria 1931
Japan invades China (1937)
In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina
Sunk by Japanese Aircraft (1937)
U.S. Embargo of Certain Items to Japan
The U.S. ceased oil exports to Japan in July 1941
Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?
1.Imperialism: Quest for Raw Materials had caused diplomatic turmoil b/w Japan and the U.S.
2.U.S. embargo of oil angered Japan
3.Japan did not like the U.S. presence in East Asia (Philippines)
The parallels between 9/11 and Pearl Harbor are striking. In each instance there were warning signs before the attack, and in each instance our government failed to connect the dots.
-Diane Watson
December 7th 1941 ----- Pearl Harbor Day
“Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."
-FDR
"I feel all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with terrible resolve."
--Yamamoto
"Before we're through with them, the Japanese language will be spoken only in Hell."
--Vice Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey
December 8, 1941 ----- JUST HOURS AFTER ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR
Why did the Japanese Surprise attack Pearl Harbor?
Pearl Harbor Aftermath:
Shortly After Pearl Harbor Attack:
Japanese Invade the Philippines:
U.S. Broke Japanese Naval Code: "Purple"
Sea Battles:
Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942):
Battle of Midway (June 1942): US OUTNUMBERED AND OUT GUNNED
Pacific War 1943-45
Japanese “Special Forces” Kamikaze Pilots ----
The Manhattan Project (1942-1946)
R&D Locations Research and Develop
•Los Alamos: Research Base
• Today Largest employer in Northern New Mexico
Three Bombs would be made
1.Trinity----- “The Gadget”
2.“Little Boy”
3.“Fat Man”
The Science: Fission and Fusion
Targets:
2.Nagasaki ------ August 9th 1945
Immediate Effects of the Bomb
Nuclear Fallout aka Nuclear Winter: Consequence
After effects of the bomb:
Reason why President Harry Truman Used the Atomic Bombs:
1.To shorten the war as quick as possible
2.To save civilian lives
3.To save the lives of U.S. Troops
4.To keep the Russians out of Japan
5.Japan started the war
6.Japanese War Fervor:
Japanese Leadership:
Japanese Emperor: Hirohito
Japanese Prime Minister: Hideki Tojo
Naval Commander: Yamamoto ------- Pearl Harbor Mastermind
Japanese Empire Grows:
Japan Invades Manchuria 1931
Japan invades China (1937)
- Rape of Nanjing
- 200,000-300,000 killed in indiscriminate massacres
- U.S. wants Japan out of China but remains isolationists
In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina
Sunk by Japanese Aircraft (1937)
U.S. Embargo of Certain Items to Japan
- Airplane Parts, Machine tools,
- Aviation gasoline
The U.S. ceased oil exports to Japan in July 1941
Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?
1.Imperialism: Quest for Raw Materials had caused diplomatic turmoil b/w Japan and the U.S.
2.U.S. embargo of oil angered Japan
3.Japan did not like the U.S. presence in East Asia (Philippines)
The parallels between 9/11 and Pearl Harbor are striking. In each instance there were warning signs before the attack, and in each instance our government failed to connect the dots.
-Diane Watson
December 7th 1941 ----- Pearl Harbor Day
“Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."
-FDR
"I feel all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with terrible resolve."
--Yamamoto
"Before we're through with them, the Japanese language will be spoken only in Hell."
--Vice Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey
December 8, 1941 ----- JUST HOURS AFTER ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR
- Just hours after the dawn attack on Pearl Harbor but across the international dateline making it Dec. 8, Japanese planes also bombed Clark Field Air Base in the Philippines.
- Following the Japanese air attacks on Clark Field and other military areas in the Philippines on December 8, 1941, Japanese land forces into the Philippines to remove U.S. troops from the island of Luzon.
Why did the Japanese Surprise attack Pearl Harbor?
- Imperialism: Quest for Raw Materials had caused diplomatic turmoil b/w Japan and the U.S.
- U.S. embargo of oil angered Japan
- Japan did not like the U.S. presence in East Asia (Philippines)
Pearl Harbor Aftermath:
- Japanese Mission: Disable the U.S. Navy in the Pacific
- The Japanese Came with: Six Air Craft Carriers Over 420 Japanese “Zero” Midget Subs
- Target: Battleship Row
- US Casualities: 2,402
- 49% of the Dead were on the U.S.S Arizona
Shortly After Pearl Harbor Attack:
- Clark Field Air Base is Attacked in Philippines
- Within of Pearl Harbor Attack… Clark Field Air Base Attacked in the Philippines
- Over 142 aircraft destroyed
Japanese Invade the Philippines:
- US Troops surrender and forced to march to POW camp in the "Bataan Death March"
- MacArthur vows to return to the Philippines
U.S. Broke Japanese Naval Code: "Purple"
- Use intelligence against the Japanese
Sea Battles:
Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942):
- Militarily a Draw
- Battle determined by air attack
- Stopped the Japanese from est. bases that could bomb Australia
- Stopped Japanese Expansion in the East
Battle of Midway (June 1942): US OUTNUMBERED AND OUT GUNNED
- “The Turning Point of the Pacific”
- U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers ---- 6 MINUTES!!!!!!
- First Japanese naval defeat in 300 years
- First Battle fought between ships that would not see each other
- Japanese would not win any naval victories thereafter
- Japanese Naval Fleet could never recover (BUT STILL HAD SHIPS)
- Opened up invasion of island chains --- starting with Guadalcanal
Pacific War 1943-45
- US island-hopping to Marianas (June 44) & Philippines (Oct 44). Japan’s Navy destroyed
- -----Guadalcanal, Guam, Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
- B-29s from Marianas firebomb Japan’s cities
- Stepping stones to invasion: Iwo Jima (Feb 45) & Okinawa (April 45); kamikazes resist; invasion of Japan planned fall 1945
- A-Bombs on Hiroshima (Aug 6) & Nagasaki (Aug 9) spur unconditional surrender (but keep emperor): VJ-Day August 14, 1945
Japanese “Special Forces” Kamikaze Pilots ----
- Kamikaze Translates "Spirit of the Divine Wind"
- By war's end, kamikazes had sunk or damaged more than 300 U.S. ships, with 15,000 casualties.
The Manhattan Project (1942-1946)
- An Allied science project (EXCLUDING STALIN’S Russia)
- U.S. UK. And Canadian scientists launch a 2 Billion Dollar race to develop the Atomic Bomb
R&D Locations Research and Develop
•Los Alamos: Research Base
• Today Largest employer in Northern New Mexico
Three Bombs would be made
1.Trinity----- “The Gadget”
2.“Little Boy”
3.“Fat Man”
The Science: Fission and Fusion
Targets:
- Kokura---- Too cloudy that day
2.Nagasaki ------ August 9th 1945
- Hiroshima: August 6th
- Nagasaki: August 9th
- Emperor announces surrender over the radio: “Jewel Voice Broadcast” –“Voice of the Crane”
- August 15, 1945: V-J Day Victory over Japan Day
Immediate Effects of the Bomb
- Keloids (Excessive growth of scar tissue)
- Leukemia
Nuclear Fallout aka Nuclear Winter: Consequence
After effects of the bomb:
- Ten years after the bombing, the survivors began contracting thyroid, breast, lung and other cancers at higher than normal rates.
- The Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law enacted in 1949:
Hiroshima, the first city in human history to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, should take on the role of appealing to the world for peace
Reason why President Harry Truman Used the Atomic Bombs:
1.To shorten the war as quick as possible
2.To save civilian lives
3.To save the lives of U.S. Troops
4.To keep the Russians out of Japan
5.Japan started the war
6.Japanese War Fervor:
- No surrender Policy;
- Kamikaze attacks;
- U.S. Troops were not greeted as liberators